Legal Remedies for Victims of Environmental Pollution in Nigeria

Legal Remedies for Victims of Environmental Pollution in Nigeria   Abstract of Legal Remedies for Victims of Environmental Pollution in Nigeria Environment pollution of different dimension has caused a lot of havocs to the health and wealth of some Nigerians. To this end, the study examines the array of legislation that provides for various remedies for victims of pollution in Nigeria. The study also analyzed various case laws their adequacy or otherwise. The study further investigates the mechanism for the enforcement of the claims by the victims of pollution in Nigeria. The general background of the study examines the research problem, which ascertain the adequacy of these laws or otherwise. The objectives are to among others identify these remedies. It also state the justification, the significance, of this scope the study and the methodology of this research is doctrinal. The study evaluates the criminal remedies especially in relation to the fact that most of the statutes are laced with penal provisions inform of fines and terms of improvement. The study also focus on the civil remedies in form of compensation, damages, restoration/rehabilitation and injunction. Similarly, the mechanism for the enforcement of the claims by the victims of pollution such as litigation which is plagued with series of problems such that victims often seek remedies under law of tort, thus they are unable to prove their case before the courts. The study also examines Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) viz: negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration as a tool for enforcement. The study concludes with some findings which includes inter alia absence of express constitutional provision on pollution scattered legislations on pollution which as mostly penal the penalties are paltry sum and problem of jurisdiction vested in the High Court by some Acts which is in conflict with the constitutional provisions that vest same exclusively in the Federal High Court.

The Enforcement of Court Judgments and Orders in the High Court of the Federal Capitalterritory, Abuja Procedures and Challenges

The Enforcement of Court Judgments and Orders in the High Court of the Federal Capitalterritory, Abuja Procedures and Challenges   Abstract of The Enforcement of Court Judgments and Orders in the High Court of the Federal Capitalterritory, Abuja Procedures and Challenges This dissertation titled “The Enforcement of Court Judgments and Orders in the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Procedure and Challenges.” The area of interest is the enforcement of judgments and court orders in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. It is an established fact that, the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory established an enforcement unit which is now a Department mainly for the enforcement of court judgments and orders. This, give rise to complete and successful enforcement in the Territory. The centralization of the enforcement Department for the enforcement of all judgments and orders of the High Court Federal Capital Territory should be considered in order to obtain an easy and cheap enforcement for the judgment creditors. The problem perceived in this research includes; a) Centralization of the enforcement department at Maitama, which is the main Headquarters of the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. b) Unnecessary delay due to complex bureaucratic procedure. c) High cost of enforcement due to lack of adequate facilities like mobility for the enforcement officers, crane, toying van and truck for the conveyance of attached properties to the warehouse. d) Corruption by the enforcement officers and improper advice by lawyers to their clients (judgment debtor). e) High risk of life is involved. f) lesser punishment provided by law for obstructing court judgments and orders (fine of not more than 100 naira). g) Non publication for sale of attached property and sale to the highest bidder. The objective of this work is to examine the challenges associated with enforcement of judgments and court orders in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, to point out the reasons behind the non enforceability of some judgments and court orders and the way out, and to analyze the procedures for the enforcement of judgments and orders, in the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja and challenges. The research methodology adopted in this research is the doctrinal method also known as library oriented research wherein recourse are made to statutes, case law, conventions, textbooks, journals, literature, e.t.c. Teleological research is also adopted due to work experience. Findings, however, revealed that, the major challenges associated with enforcement of judgment and court orders in the High Court of Abuja: a) the centralization of the enforcement Department at the main Headquarter, Maitama, Abuja. b) unnecessary delay that gives room for the judgments debtor to frustrate the enforcement by filing motion for stay of execution, interpleader summons or go on appeal. c) lesser punishment provided by law for obstructing court judgments and orders. d) Inadequate facilities. e) corruption by enforcement officers and lawyers. f) High risk of life. g) Non publication of the sale of attached property and sale to the highest bidder. It is recommended that; a) the enforcement Department should be decentralized. b) Judgments and court orders should be speedily enforced without any delay. c) The provision of the Act that provide punishment for obstructing court judgments and order should be amended. d) There should be provision for adequate facilities to carry out the enforcement. e) Provision for training for the enforcement officers by the High Court and lawyers by the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA). f) Insurance should be provided for the enforcement officers because of the high risks of life involve. g) Sale of attached property should be publicized and to the highest bidder.

An Appraisal of the Impact of Gender Equality on Women’s Right to Work Outside Matrimonial Home in Islamic Law

An Appraisal of the Impact of Gender Equality on Women’s Right to Work Outside Matrimonial Home in Islamic Law   Abstract of An Appraisal of the Impact of Gender Equality on Women’s Right to Work Outside Matrimonial Home in Islamic Law This study entitled: “An Appraisal of the Impact of Gender Equality on Women’s Rights to Work in Islamic Law” has examined the Islamic perspective on gender equality and it is argued that Islamic law has elevated women and gives them a very dignified position, and the western call of women’s liberation is actually a misrepresentation of the true nature of women, and in fact it is a disguised form of exploitation of the women’s body, deprivation of their virtuousness and deterioration of their origin. The research work is predicated upon the problems arising out of severe criticisms levelled against the Shariah that it negates gender equality, more so as women are not allowed every freelance to mingle with men and partake in all sorts of undertakings to earn a living. The main objective of this work therefore, is to provide an appraisal on the impact of gender equality on women’s right to work in Islamic law with a view to highlight the correlation between gender justice and applicable limitations to women’s right to work outside their matrimonial home under Islamic law. It is contended that the “permissibility” which is the legal position of the right to work shall not be allowed to overshadow the obligatory responsibility which is the primary duty of women, e.g., rearing children, tending the home, etc. It is therefore observed that there is abdication by women of their responsibilities to children by virtue of engaging in work outside their matrimonial homes. It is also observed that she loses her Feminity and Purdah orientation meant for the preservation of her physiology and morality. It is thereby recommended that in order to uphold the Islamic perspective of gender equality and bestow to women the permission to work, it is pertinent that employers of labour more particularly in places where Muslims are predominant, should endeavour to foster gender sensitive atmosphere in terms of providing gender segregated facilities like toilets, staff common rooms, female travelling buses, female nurses and doctors for women, etc. This would allow observance of the Islamic principles of purdah whereby seclusion and mingling of sexes are prohibited. Additionally, it is also recommended that a woman working outside home must respect her primary responsibility of rearing children and tending the home without having creating additional problem of requiring somebody to take care of them for her, because there is no more suitable person to discharge it than herself. Finally, it is suggested that Muslim women should desist from imitating the values and ideas propounded by western feminists to delude Islamic morality in the name of employment. This is because

Marital Rights and Obligations in Islamic Law: a Critical Analysis of Its Practice in Northern Nigeria

Marital Rights and Obligations in Islamic Law a Critical Analysis of Its Practice in Northern Nigeria   Abstract of Marital Rights and Obligations in Islamic Law a Critical Analysis of Its Practice in Northern Nigeria Marriage under Islamic law, as an institute is generally the cradle of any legitimate family and society. Hence the success…

The Penal Responsibility and Sanctions for Violations of International Humanitarian Law

The Penal Responsibility and Sanctions for Violations of International Humanitarian Law   Chapter One of The Penal Responsibility and Sanctions for Violations of International Humanitarian Law  Introduction During this century, millions of children, women and men have been victims of unimaginable atrocities in the theatre of wars that deeply shook the conscience of humanity. For…

Protection of Women Against Discriminatory Laws, Policies and Practices in Nigeria: an Appraisal

Protection of Women Against Discriminatory Laws, Policies and Practices in Nigeria an Appraisal   Abstract of Protection of Women Against Discriminatory Laws, Policies and Practices in Nigeria an Appraisal Human rights are rights that have come to be guaranteed over time, to all men and women, irrespective of race or creed. These rights extend to…

The Relevance of Qiyas (Analogical Deduction) as a Source of Islamic Law in Contemporary Time

The Relevance of Qiyas (Analogical Deduction) as a Source of Islamic Law in Contemporary Time   Abstract of The Relevance of Qiyas (Analogical Deduction) as a Source of Islamic Law in Contemporary Time Islamic Law covers every sphere of human endeavor. It comprises of the primary and the secondary sources of Law. The former consists…

The Concept of Sovereignty in International Law: Issues Challenges and Lessons for Nigeria

The Concept of Sovereignty in International Law Issues Challenges and Lessons for Nigeria   Abstract of The Concept of Sovereignty in International Law Issues Challenges and Lessons for Nigeria New trends and innovations in modern communications and commerce have dealt a great blow on the political boundaries of states otherwise referred to as Sovereignty. Sovereign…

The Concept of State Recognition Under International Law

The Concept of State Recognition Under International Law   Abstract of The Concept of State Recognition Under International Law State recognition is one of the oldest practice in international relations, and one of the most vexed concepts in international law since the middle ages, political communities have interacted with each other as sovereign, territorial states under an accepted system of rules. Determining which entity is to be recognized as state subject to these rules has hence been a basic component of international relations. As such, it is one of the most common discussed topics in the international law literatures. The main aim of this dissertation is to examine the legal framework for the practice of the concept of state recognition in international law in relation to the existing provisions of relevant international and regional constitutive instruments on one hand and the activities of the international community on the other hand. In view of this the main objective of this dissertation is to identify the adequacy or otherwise of the existing international regimes on the practice of state recognition (if any) and subsequently to proffer solutions to the lacunas identified so as to bring about an efficient practice in accordance with the provisions of the constitutive instruments. In the cause of this research the findings of the researcher is that lack of uniform criteria for the practice of state recognition among the international regimes, for example, the provisions of the U.N., the Montevideo Convention and E.U. are at variance. Therefore, in the light of this, the researcher concluded by recommending that there should be a singular and uniformly accepted mode of practice of state recognition so as to foster international cooperation which will go along way to reduce controversies in international jurisprudence. Doctrinal method of acquiring data has been adopted, using primary and secondary sources of information such as relevant text materials, statutes (including international instruments), judicial authorities, articles in journal publications and internet materials.

The Concept of Sulh in Islamic Law: a Case Study of the Practice and Procedure of the Katsina State Sharia Courts

The Concept of Sulh in Islamic Law a Case Study of the Practice and Procedure of the Katsina State Sharia Courts   Abstract of The Concept of Sulh in Islamic Law a Case Study of the Practice and Procedure of the Katsina State Sharia Courts This study entitled “The Concept of Sulh in Islamic Law: A Case Study of the Practice and Procedure of the Katsina State Sharia Courts”has examined theconcept of Sulh as a type of dispute resolution in which a third party intervenes to help disputing parties reach a mutually satisfactory agreement and the practice thereby in Katsina State Sharia Courts (KSSC). The research work is predicated upon the problem of the volume of cases coming before the KSSC and the latent absence of formal adoption of the rules and principles of Islamic law relating to amicable settlement of disputes within the judicial setting in Katsina State. The main objective of this work therefore, is to offer a highlight on the concept of Sulh as the Islamic perspective of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). To achieve this, doctrinal and empirical methods of legal research was adopted. It is argued that Islamic law contemplate amicable resolution of disputes some 1400 years ago right from the 7th Century A.D. in advance of any Western move on the subject and in view of this, it was observed that, in its Islamic law conception, Sulh is one of the characteristic features of administration of justice in Islamic law. The findings of the study was that some of the rules of practice and procedure related to the concept of Sulh in KSSC are to a large extent, reminiscent of English style of mediation rules than that of Islamic law per se. Additionally, it was found that much of the current challenges and legal problems associated with the practice of Sulh before the KSSC due to the neglect by the government over the years of affording to Muslims a religiously based amicable dispute resolution as per the provisions of Islamic law. The study concludes with recommendations that Sulhu should be formally recognized as an amicable dispute resolution mechanism alongside adjudication in the KSSC it being more advantageous to Muslims than the Western conception of ADR. It is further recommended that it is expedient that the practice of Sulh shall be extended to the sphere of Islamic criminal justice and in line with this, the Sharia Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of Katsina State shall be amended urgently to reflect the teachings of Islamic law on the practice of Sulhu in criminal cases. It was also recommended that there shall be accessibility by all persons to the Sulhu-Door facility of the KTMDCH instead of being centralized in Katsina metropolis alone.It is also recommended that theSharia Court Rules and the Sulhu-Door Rules of Katsina State should be amended to additionally reflect the rules and principles of the Shariaor where possible, their replacement with a purely Sharia-based rules of procedure for the Sharia Court and the Sulhu Door respectively.                            Chapter One of The Concept of Sulh in…

The Effects of Violent Movies on Adolescent-s in Two Senior Secondary Schools in Zaria

The Effects of Violent Movies on Adolescent-s in Two Senior Secondary Schools in Zaria   Abstract of The Effects of Violent Movies on Adolescent-s in Two Senior Secondary Schools in Zaria Watching movies has become a common phenomenon among adolescents due to the technological advancement of media tools which are easily accessible to them. The…

Conflict and Conflict Resolution in International Relations

Conflict and Conflict Resolution in International Relations   Chapter One of Conflict and Conflict Resolution in International Relations The focus of this work is on conflict and conflict resolution in international relations. It examines the Bakassi Peninsular disputes as a case study of supranational conflicts and conflict resolution in international system.  This chapter examines the…

Conflict Management Strategies and Performance

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The Role of Women in Rural Development

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United Nation Peacekeeping in Africa; Effectiveness and Problems

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An Assessment of Wto Rules and Implications on Nigerian Trade

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Communication: the Key Thing in Public Relation

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Disaster Risk Management in China and Japan

Disaster Risk Management in China and Japan   Chapter One of Disaster Risk Management in China and Japan INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Disaster has always been very rampant in the world from ancient ages to modern age. Disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the earth; like floods, volcanic eruptions,…

United Nations and Thechallenges of Promoting Gender Equality in Nigeria

United Nations and Thechallenges of Promoting Gender Equality in Nigeria   Abstract of United Nations and Thechallenges of Promoting Gender Equality in Nigeria Women in Nigeria are faced with various challenges both at the private and public sector. As a result of this, there are gender imbalance that tends to take place among both sexes….

The Arab-israeli Conflict and United States Geo-strategic and Economic Interests in the Middle-east

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The International Politics of the Creation of the State of Israel in 1948

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The Legacies of Obafemi Awolowo 1909-1987

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Knowledge in Traditional African Perspective: a Critique

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History of Military Intervention and Administration in Nigeria (1984-1998)

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Impact of Leasing Gas Sector Management on Nigeria’s External Relations, 2000 -2013

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The Bush Doctrine and the Us Missile Defence Shieeld in Eastern Europe: Implications for Iran Ans Us Military Resources.

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United States Policy of Preemption and Security in the Middle East 1999-2014

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Nigeria and the Implementation of the World Court Judgement on the Land and Maritime Boundary Dispute Between Cameroon and Nigeria.

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