Negation in Atsam (Chawai) Language
Chapter One of Negation in Atsam (Chawai) Language
Introduction
This study focuses on negation in Atsam language spoken in Kauru local government Area of Kaduna state. The language of study Atsam is a language spoken by the Atsam people of southern Kaduna. The Atsam people call their language Chawai, which is commonly used by them.
As an introductory chapter, we shall focus firstly on the historical background of Atsam, geographical location of Atsam, socio-cultural background of Atsan speakers, Religion, festival, ceremonies and the Genetic classification of Atsam (chawai) language. We shall later proceed to scope and organization of the study, theoretical Framework, data analysis and later basic syntactic concepts.
We shall finally consider “NEGATON” in Chawai Language and application of transformational rules to Chawai negation.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ATSAM PEOPLE
Atsam speakers were believed to have come from the southern part of Kaduna state with its L.G.A. headquarters in Kauru.
The inhabitants of the Chiefdom i.e. Chawai Cheifdom are mostly Atsam (the Chawai people) even though there are few non – Chawai that reside in the Chiefdom. The people of Chawai are known to be hospitable, helpful, industrious and peace loving, when one knocks on the door of a Chawai person at any hour of the day, one is assured of a warm – welcome. This is why they are usually regarded as the most peace loving people in Kaduna State.
The Chief as popularly known as Res-Tsam is the overall ruler in the land. The promulgation of laws that ensures peaceful co-existence and the maintenance of law and order within the chiefdom rest on his shoulders. He also performs the function of lobbing government in bringing developmental programmes to the Chiefdom. The Chief’s palace is located at Dama-Kasuwa Chawai being the headquarters for central administration.
The chiefdom is relatively new in terms of existence. There are only six districts. These districts include: Damakasuwa, with its head at Damakasuwa Chawai. This distrct covers villages as Kichiguya, Rafingora, Mangul, Kisari amongst others. The second district is Zambina with its head at Kingwan Makama Chawai. It covers villages as Badurum, Kurmi-Risga, Ungwan Rana among others. The third district is Fadan Chawai with its head at Fadan Chawai. This district covers villages as Kibobi, Talo, Riban and among other villages. The fouth district is Pari with its head at Kiffin Chawai. The district covers villages as Kiffin Chawai, Pari, among others. The fifth district is Kamaru district with its head at Kizakoro. The district has the following villages Kamaru, Kihoba, Kizakoro, Kizachi, Kuyan Bana among others. The sixth district is Bakin Kogi.
The respective Districts Heads are charged with the duty of ensuring peaceful co-existence and the maintenance of law and order within their domains. They however report directly to the Res-Tsam (the Chief of Chawai). The Districts heads are supported by a number of village Heads within their domains. The village Heads also report to the district Heads.